Click here to |
Rulers of Palestine and Egypt
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Geographical Areas Ruled by the Successors of Alexander the Great |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Syria/Palestine (Seleucids) |
Palestine/Jerusalem (Maccabees or Hasmonean) |
Egypt (Ptolemies) |
|
Alexander the Great 334 - 323 | ||
| Territories disputed following Alexander's death | ||
|
Seleucus I 312 - 281 |
Ptolemy I Soter 320 - 285 |
|
|
Antiochus I 281 - 261 |
Ptolemy II Philadelphus 285 - 247 |
|
|
Antiochus II 261 - 246 |
||
|
Seleucus II 246 - 226 |
Ptolemy III Euergetes 247 - 222 |
|
|
Seleucus III 226 - 223 |
||
|
Antiochus III 223 - 187 |
Ptolemy IV Philapator 222 - 205 |
|
|
Ptolemy V Epiphanes 205 - 198 |
Ptolemy V Epiphanes 205 - 182 |
|
|
Antiochus III 198 - 187 |
||
|
Seleucus IV Philopater 187 - 175 |
Ptolemy VI Philometer 182 - 146 |
|
|
Antiochus IV Epiphanes 175 - 163 |
Mattathias 168 - 166 |
|
|
Antiochus V Eupator 163 - 162 |
Judas Maccabeus 166 - 160 |
|
|
Demetrius I Soter 162 - 150 |
||
|
Alexander Balas 150 - 145 |
Jonathan Maccabeus 160 - 143 |
|
|
Demetrius II Nicator 145 - 139 |
Simon Maccabeus 143 - 135 |
Ptolemy VII Euergetes II 146 - 116 |
|
Antiochus VII Sidetes 139 - 129 |
John Hyrcanus I 135 - 104 |
|
|
Demetrius II 129 - 95 |
Ptolemy VIII Soter II 116 - 108 |
|
|
Aristobulus I 104 - 103 |
Ptolemy IX Alexander 108 - 89 |
|
|
Alexander Jannaeus 103 - 76 |
||
|
Demetrius III 95 - 78 |
Ptolemy VIII Soter II 88 - 80 |
|
|
Ptolemy X Alexander II 80 |
||
| Armenian and Roman Control |
Hyrcanus II and Alexandra 76 - 67 |
|
|
Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II 67 - 63* |
||
|
Pompey Roman Occupation 63 |
||
|
Antipater Herod Procurator of Judea 47 -43 |
||
|
Antigonus 40 - 37 |
||
|
Herod the Great 37 - 4 |
||
| [Chart continues with rule of the Herods] | ||
*Both Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II claimed control of Palestine, and their feuding led to Roman intervention by the general Pompey in 63 BC. They continued to claim power even after Roman occupation of the land, but were never in administrative control.
After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, the Greek Empire was torn by dissension as his seven commanders vied for control. After a decade of struggle, three of the generals finally succeeded in dividing the territory. Antigonus took the eastern section of Macedonia and Asia Minor and played little role in the history of Palestine in this period except to challenge Ptolemy for a time for control of Egypt. Seleucus took over the northern and eastern territory including Syria and Babylon while Ptolemy took Egypt. This left the area of Palestine on the border between Seleucus and Ptolemy. It was controlled by the Ptolemies until 198 BC when Antiochus III took control of the territory that included Jerusalem. It remained under Seleucid control until the Maccabean Revolt in 168 BC.
The early Maccabees ruled as High Priest until 150 when Jonathan was made governor of Syria by Alexander Balas. Simon was appointed both High Priest and ethnarc by Demetrius, and Aristobolus assumed the title of both High Priest and King in 104/103.
Related pages
